The gill consists of branched or feathery tissue richly supplied with blood vessels, especially near. Fish are animals that are coldblooded, have fins and a backbone. The area in front of the eyes above the mouth is often referred to as the snout. Olson indiana university school of medicine, south bend center for medical education, university of notre dame, notre dame, indiana 46556 abstract the. Background fish are coldblooded vertebrates that breathe through gills and use fins for locomotion. Sharks and other more primitive fish may have five or more gill slits. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. Anchored to the gill arches is a complex arrangement of epithelial, circulatory, and neural tissues, which will be described in the next two sections. The gills are covered by a flexible bony plate called the operculum. The gills take in lifegiving oxygen and remove waste gases, like carbon dioxide. The gills are the breathing apparatus of fish and are highly vascularized giving them their bright red cover. The typical fish heart has four chambers, however unlike mammals, blood moves through all four in sequence.
Vascular anatomy of the fish gill university of idaho. Fish biology pennsylvania fish and boat commission. Approximately, 22,000 species of fish began evolving 480 million years ago. A first look at how fish gills work journal of experimental. Oxygen is extracted from the water as it passes over the gills. Each gill arch havs a skeletal component that is important for holding the gill filaments, as you can see in the figure, the blood vessels coming from the heart in blue and going to the body. There are about 22,000 species of fish that began evolving around 480 million years ago. Part of the reason for the large number of fish is due. The internal and external anatomy of florida fish visit. Students will be able to compare and contrast human and fish anatomy. A salmonshead includesthe eyes, nostrils, mouth, and gills. The class osteichthyes bony fishes shares several characteristics including. Fish gills are changed by exposure to low ph or high metal concentrations in such a way that normal ion and gas exchange are altered. The backbone goes from the skull through the body to.
Canada department of fisheries and oceans animal user. The four sets also allow for efficient dissolving of oxygen. Fish share a lot of the same body parts as people, but some are used differently. The fish gill is a multifunctional organ involved in gas exchange.
Multipage pdf of internal fish anatomy illustration. Anatomy and physiology template prepared september 2004. Water goes in through the mouth and out through the gills, which take oxyg en from the water. Read free anatomy of a fish dichotomous key answers anatomy of a fish dichotomous key answers a quick lesson on external fish anatomy hello fellow fish keepers. Most bony fish also have an operculum, a hard flap that covers the gills. Gross anatomy the location and basic structures of the gills of the agnathan hag. Internal anatomy gills are filaments immediately under the operculum covering gills function to move oxygen from the water to the blood and expel carbon dioxide like human lungs heart is normally a bright red in a fresh specimen. Wanted to do a short video on external fish anatomy. Anchored to the gill arches is a complex arrangement of epithelial, circulatory, and neural tissues, which will be described in the next two. Students will understand external fish anatomy, and that fish come in many shapes and sizes the students will be able to identify the different zones of the ocean students will become familiar with the methods that are used to study fish are diverse, and each has a purpose. Although gills were important for the evolution of fish, it was the evolution of the jaw bone that really allowed the explosion of fish diversity into the 60,000 species that are currently present on earth. Fish have many organs for many different functions. Gill, in biology, type of respiratory organ found in many aquatic animals, including a number of worms, nearly all mollusks and crustaceans, some insect larvae, all fishes, and a few amphibians. As their function is so important any lesion, however small, may affect fish health.
The morphology of the gills of labeo bata is similar to that found in other bony fish 7, 12. Salmon dissection guide alaska department of fish and game. When a fish opens its mouth, the flap closes, drawing water into the mouth. The backbone goes from the skull through the body to the tail. In fact, over 25,00 species of fish comprise about 50% of the vertebrate population. The anatomy of a bony fish ninety percent of all fish are bony fish, which are fish that have a skeleton made of bone. The internal and external anatomy of florida fish visit florida. Find fish gills stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Gill slits of bony fishes are covered by operculum while operculum.
Fins allow fish to balance and steer while swimming. Fish are animals that are coldblooded and have fins and a backbone. The gills have specialized cells that allow the salmon to migrate between salt and fresh water. To protect the gills using the scissors, cut away the operculum to expose the gills. Pdf vascular anatomy of the fish gill researchgate. The following illustration of a largemouth bass shows some of the common external features that are used to describe the differences between fish that are explained in more detail below. This is the gross anatomy of the gill arches that holds the gill filaments, that in turn have a number of gill lamellae.
Some fish have spines located on the operculum as a defense mechanism to protect them from predators. Fish gills are organs that allow fish to breathe underwater. Lab fish dissection background information fish are the largest group of vertebrates found in fresh and salt water. Gill slits of bony fishes are covered by operculum while operculum is absent in cartilaginous fishes. The cod gadus callarias belongs to the family of fishes called the gadidae, which is included in the great superorder teleostei, or bony fish.
A fish heart has only two chambers liver is a large red organ primarily to aid in the. Most fish swim by moving their tail also called the caudal fin left and right. Fish physiology gills anatomy, gas transfer, and acid. In practice, fish anatomy and fish physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be. The gill cover, called an operculum, protects the gills.
Lungfish are best known for retaining characteristics primitive within the osteichthyes, including the ability to breathe air, and structures primitive within sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a welldeveloped internal skeleton today there are only six known species of lungfish, living only in. Just like all other animals, fish need oxygen to survive. This template is intended for use by instructors to train the department of fisheries and oceans dfo staff and students in the anatomy and physiology of salmonids. The gills of fish having different modes of life show variations in a the number of arches, b the number and length of the gill filaments, and c the size and frequency of the secondary lamellae. Some of the most common alterations macroscopically observed in gills are coloration changes pallor or darkening, heavy mucus secretion, cottonwoollike growth, nodules, haemorrhage, and fusion of lamellae. Marine fish are hyposmotic regulators high salt so fish need to lose water and gain salt. There are six or seven pairs of gills in cartilaginous fishes while four pairs in bony fishes due to the loss of spiracle fig. Water passes through the mouth and over the gills of the fish. The water is taken through the mouth, flows over the gills, and. Fins are either single along the centerline of the fish like the dorsal fin, anal fin, and. As the function of the immune system is highly dependent on the anatomy and physiological processes at the. Lungfish are best known for retaining characteristics primitive within the osteichthyes, including the ability to breathe air, and structures primitive within sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a welldeveloped internal skeleton. Pdf the fish gill is the most physiologically diversified vertebrate organ, and its vasculature the most intricate.
An operculum gill cover that is a flexible bony plate that protects the sensitive gills. Gills anatomy, gas transfer, and acidbase regulation. Bony fish include swordfish, tuna, flounder and salmon. Located on either side of a fish s head, gills remove oxygen from the water and diffuse carbon dioxide from the body. List of different fish parts with fish anatomy pictures and examples. In sharks gill slits are laterally situated while in rays they are ventrally placed. It finds its food on the sea bottom, feeding on crabs and other fish. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day.
Fish are coldblooded animals that live in water and breathe using gills. Fish have a bony skull that protects the brain and gills. The fish gill is a multifunctional organ involved in gas exchange, ionoregulation, osmoregulation, acidbase balance, ammonia excretion, hormone production, modification of circulating metabolites and immune defence rombough, 2007. The heart is located a little behind and below the gills. Lungfish are freshwater rhipidistian fish belonging to the subclass dipnoi.
This process is different from that of land animals, although the result is the same. Being able to name the parts of a fish will not only improve your english and bring you well on your way to sounding like a native speaker but it will also prove useful in a variety of conversations. The operculum allows the water pressure to be adjusted in the gills so the fish can breathe without forward movement. Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. Water is inhaled through the mouth, passes over the gills and is exhaled from beneath the operculum. Gills are tissues that are like short threads, protein structures called filaments. One of the earliest known fishes to possess gills is an extremely primitive fish called myllokunmingia and was found in shallows water in asia. Salt is carried by the blood to the gills where they are secreted by saltsecretory cells. In this article we will discuss about the structure of gills in fishes. The circulatory system in fishes is a single circuit, with blood flowing from the heart to the gills and then to the rest of the body. Most fish have four gills on both sides of their head.
The blood vessels passing through the gill arches branch into the filaments and. Most fish exchange gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide using gills that are protected under gill covers on both sides of the pharynx throat. The largemouth bass illustrated above has the typical torpedolike fusiform shape associated with many fishes. Part of the reason for the large number of fish is due to how well adapted they are to life in an aquatic environment. Atlantic salmon anatomy internal anatomy gills atlantic salmon have four sets of gills which take the oxygen it needs to breath from the water as it flows over the gills.
30 669 515 835 933 741 667 509 4 1486 369 686 209 895 1280 1480 1308 1352 827 88 152 988 1385 1073 1154 732 1426 1330 1203 950 37 404 51 111 94 117 666 437 147 1433 1492 792 724